Human exposure to phenoxy herbicides

Human exposure to phenoxy herbicides by T. L. Lavy Download PDF EPUB FB2

Human exposure to phenoxy herbicides. Washington, D.C.: Veterans Administration Central Office, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, Agent Orange Projects Office, [] (OCoLC) health effects of phenoxy herbicides on the human body. Personnel involved with the manufacture of the compounds, her- bicide applicators, and others in and around the agriculture com.

In most of the studies, there were methodological shortcomings in conducting exposure assessments specifically related to 2,4-D. Moreover, the majority of the studies involved occupational exposures to a wide variety of chemical, physical, and biological agents including phenoxy herbicides, and it was difficult to discern specific exposure to 2, by: Subseries 1 is divided into two sections, as arranged by Dr.

Young. The first section focuses on human and animal exposure to phenoxy herbicides and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD, a toxic impurity found in Agent Orange and often referred to as "dioxin.".

to the potential adverse human health effects resulting from exposure to the phenoxy herbicides and dioxins. Various Federal agencies have been involved in the collection of scientific information, the review and evaluation of existing animal and human exposure data on the toxicity of dioxins (especially TCDD), and the support of related research.

However, duringa series of case-control studies from Sweden linked occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides with an increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [].

This prompted further epidemiological research using both cohort and case-control designs, but results were inconsistent. This research will improve turfgrass management practices and research designed to minimize human 2,4-D exposure.

exposure to phenoxy acid Human exposure to phenoxy herbicides book was studied inSwedish. The safety of using phenoxy herbicides was first questioned when a series of case-control studies was published by Lennart Hardell in the late s, in which he hypothesized that the occurrence of three rare forms of cancer (Hodgkin’s disease, soft tissue sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) in workers was related to exposure to these herbicides along with dioxins known to contaminate 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic.

As a group, these are essentially nontoxic, and acute oral/dermal exposure to phenoxy herbicides is slightly to moderately hazardous in normal use.

Dermal irritation in rabbits is considered slight for the acid form of 2,4-D and minimal for the salt and ester forms. The United States has been involved for more than two decades in a controversy over the military use of herbicides in Vietnam during the Vietnam era. The controversy centers around both the use of herbicides in Vietnam and the purported health problems associated with exposure to herbicides, primarily Agent Orange and its contaminant 2,3,7,8-TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin).

The study concluded that “no adverse human reproductive effects have been shown to be related to exposure to phenoxy herbicides and dioxin.” Several other studies that the court discussed supported the conclusion that exposure to Agent Orange was not linked to birth defects and miscarriages. Interagency Work Group on Phenoxy Herbicides and Contaminants Title of Activity FY80 Funding FY81 FY82 1.

TCDD Residue Monitoring in Deer (Forest Service, Summer ) 2. 2,4-D Human Exposure Study (SEA-AR-NER-BARC-AEQI; December ) 3. Participation in Study of Herbicides and Spontaneous Abortions being Conducted by SRI International.

cases exposed to phenoxy herbicides would be very low, thus necessitating an enormous sample size to adequately test the exposure hypothesis.

To overcome the above problems, a base population consisting of males who were occupationally exposed and. Exposure to phenoxy herbicides was associated with a trend toward higher risk of PD (OR =95% CI –) which became statistically significant when age of onset was restricted to greater than 65 years (OR =95% CI –).

The very clear PD-like toxicity resulting from human exposure to MPTP has indicated that select. Exposure to phenoxy herbicides has been linked to increased risks of NHL, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and soft-tissue sarcoma in a number of other studies (Hardell & Sandstrom, ; Hardell et al., ; Blair, ), although reviews of the subject have concluded that no consistent cause-and-effect pattern exists (Smith & Bates, ; Ibrahim et al.

In the presented study we wanted to establish a biological monitoring of exposure in farmers occupationally exposed to phenoxy acid herbicides (MCPA, dichlorprop mecoprop, and 2,4-D). The individual airborn concentrations were measured as well as the urinary concentration before, during and after exposure.

Twentyfour male farmers and nine professional spray-men were studied and compared. Although most of these studies considered a mix of pesticides, 1 study looked at exposure to triazine herbicides and atrazine (a corn herbicide) as a specific example.

While the results did not support a positive association between atrazine and breast cancer, there was an increased risk of breast cancer with medium and high levels of exposure.

3 Exposure to the Herbicides Used in Vietnam. The assessment of human exposure continues to be a key element in addressing two of the charges that guide the work of this committee.

2,4-D (and the entire family of phenoxy herbicides) is classified as possibly carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Studies of exposed farmers support this classification. New studies indicate that 2,4-D reduces fertility in several ways. 2,4-D exposure.

In an occupational cohort study, the relation between exposure to phenoxy herbicides, and contaminants (dioxins and furans) and cancer mortality was investigated. A total of 2, workers from four plants in Germany were included, with a mortality follow-up until the end of (for one cohort, until the end of ).

Agent Orange is the code name given to a particular herbicide that was used extensively during the Vietnam War from to 51 The herbicide contained an equal mixture of two phenoxy acids, one of which had an obligatory byproduct during its production, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, otherwise known as TCDD or dioxin.

Various health issues among Vietnam War veterans became .The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.Exposure to lawns or gardens treated with phenoxy herbicides (OR, ) was associated with an increased risk of TCC, compared with exposure to untreated lawns or gardens, but exposure .